Dissecting a photograph

 
Photo #1

I wanted to walk you through a few photos and let you see what I think makes the images work.

In photo #1, I think a few things help make this photo work. Here is a quick bullet list of things that I think help make this work.

  • Rule-of-thirds—The man gesturing is on the right top thirds
  • Good use of Light—The light is coming onto their faces and brightest where the two men are in the photo
  • Gesture—The man’s gesture helps you know he is talking to the man next to him. Also, the little girl’s finger under her nose shows possible sniffles. The little girl’s eyes also redirect you back to the man gesturing
  • Shallow Depth-of-field [DOF]—The photo drops off in sharpness as you go back into the picture. Shallow Depth-of-field helps keep your attention towards the front of the man
Photo #2

I like this image of the ladies talking. Who can’t resist good “Window Light?” The rule-of-thirds is also working here. Shallow DOF keeps your attention on the lady listening. Catchlights in the eyes give life to her expressions. The hands communicate tension. I feel like she is dealing with some stress due to the position of her hands. With her head leaning on the wall, I also feel like she is relaxed and comfortable with this other lady. The other lady is slightly taller, and her body position and the lady listening to her communicate some authority. 

Photo #3

Street photography is a lot of grab shots. Here the wall is helping communicate the neighborhood where this young boy lives. You can tell that education is essential due to the signage. The little boy is relaxed in his body posture.

The photographer has a lot of space behind the boy and very little in front. The area helps create the tension that the future isn’t as hopeful. The boy’s expression questions and wonders who this photographer is, thus communicating a little pressure on the audience. The color palette is simple, yet the colors convey the Caribbean.

Photo #4

Photo #4 is of NBC news reporter Robert Hager covering a tornado disaster. Here the DOF is increased to be sure the viewer looks toward the debris in the background. Hagar is waiting to go on air and talk about the situation.

Here is where the elements of the videographer and his gear helps tell the story and, in essence, help to frame Robert Hager and the destruction.

Photo #5

In this photo #5, the subject is dead center, please pardon how this sounds, but this is why I put the issue in the center. The dead center usually is what you want to avoid, but it helps create even more tension here. The edges of the photo are trying to contain everyone in the picture. The lack of color around the image and then with the American flag center helps to make it pop and draw the audience’s attention. 

Photo #6

Here photo #6 uses color to help create interest and set the mood. Again, the light is off to the side and lets the viewer see the design of the lamp post. 

Photo #7

Using Rule-of-Thirds helped with the composition in photo #7. Also, using a shallow DOF, the eye goes to the sharpest part of the photo, which is the guy’s face. Here the expression of the man and the man he is looking at keeps you going back to the apparent friendship between the two guys. 

Photo #8

The light on the video camera in photo #8 helps start the eye looking and follow the morning to the subject. Also, all the cameras on the left are enabling to direct the eye to the right and the guys holding the trophy. Here the photographer has moved as close as possible and trying to contain everything in the frame.

Can you break down each of your photos? Today, study your pictures and those that catch your attention. Then, break them down so you can later use some of those techniques in your photos.

Off-Camera Flash Solution for the Fuji X-E2

I prefer the off-camera flash any day to the pop-up flash on any camera. I have written many articles on it here on the blog. Just put the phrase “off-camera” in the search field I have on the blog, and you will see many posts talking about doing this with my Nikon system.

Now I have a Fuji X-E2 and wanted an off-camera flash solution. I stumbled on the Neewer TT850 flash [$104.95]. This flash is a manual flash. Using 2,000 mAh Eneloop batteries in an SB900 will give you a maximum of 200 cycles. The TT850 blows its competitors out of the water. Who needs one, even without a way to plug in an external pack? Just carry an extra battery or two. But who shoots more than 650 full-power strobe shots at a shoot? You can shoot up to 1300 full power shots with just one extra battery.

The flash has a guide number of 100.

You could trigger it in a few ways.

  1. On the camera, hot shoe.
  2. S1 – Mode [Normal Slave]
  3. S2 – Mode [2nd Flash Slave]
  4. Wireless Trigger

The flash works with the Neewer 433MHz Wireless 16 Channel Flash Remote Trigger [$27].

  • Set power ratios of up to 16 groups of remote flashes
  • Switch the on or off of the modeling light or AF-assist beam & buzzer
  • Manual triggering of flashes
  • Two modes of power ratio display
  • Quite a convenience to mount onto your camera’s hot shoe
Nikon has three groupings of A, B, or C. Neewer has 16 different groups. That is a lot of flashes you could control all from the camera.
Here you can see I can control the power easily from the remote. The controller is great for shooting on the go. Unfortunately, you cannot change the zoom from the remote.
Here you can see the setup. Fuji X-E2 with the 55-200mm lens. The Neewer TT850 is on a light stand off at 45º. The Neewer 433MHz Wireless 16 Channel Flash Remote Trigger fires the off-camera flash and controls the power from the camera. Also, on the flash, I added the MagMod flash modifier system.
MagMod is a magical flash modifier system that frees your Speedlite flashes from velcro, straps, and adhesives by ingeniously incorporating the invisible powers of magnetism.
The design of each modifier is a single molded piece of high-quality silicone rubber that is sleek, compact, easy to use, and dead simple.
I used the gel holder with a 1/4 CTO and two of the grids stacked. I was keeping the light mainly on the statue of the soldier.
Now I just took some photos. I used a tripod, which let me drag the shutter for some long exposures. This way, I could shoot at a low ISO and keep the background from going too dark.
Fuji X-E2, XF 55-200mm, ISO 1000, ƒ/7.1, 1/8, flash set at 1/128 power.
Fuji X-E2, XF 55-200mm, ISO 1000, ƒ/7.1, 1/30, flash set at 1/64 power.
The great thing is I am changing the power of the camera.
I recommend getting a second battery for the flash. All three were only $171.35 on Amazon. We have Amazon Prime, which gives us free shipping.
You could get four flashes using the FourSquare system by LightWare. For under $500, you could have four flashes and one remote. For around $530, you could have four flashes and four remotes.
The FourSquare is a great option for any camera system, especially for the money.

Stills + Video | NOT Video OR Stills

 
A client wrote to me the other day. Here was her question:

CLIENT:  A production company did a video on cup recycling, and I noticed this evening that if we could get stills from the video, we’d actually have most of the images we need. I recall you saying once that stills from video on are not high res/print quality. But I went back and asked, and they assured me because they shot it in high def, they could create hi res stills. In your opinion, is that accurate?

I responded first with these two sentences:

STANLEY: First I am really impressed you remembered my comment. My comments were not so much about the resolution, but how they are shot. 

Then I went on and talked about these points below here. But to inspire you to read on, here was the client’s response to my comments:

CLIENT: This is AWESOME, Stanley. I hear every word of what you are saying. All  of it. I am taking it to heart and will influence this on my own team.

Aesthetic
Video is about movement, and stills are about a moment. So you need to preplan if you are the one doing stills and videos. Often many moving shots are not very compelling when you freeze them to one frame from that movement.
Getting both by one is impossible is why on every movie set has a still photographer. Capturing stills is slightly different than the video. 
 
The Technical
If the video camera is 4k, you might have a high-resolution image that is usable. However, if I were to grab a frame from my video DSLR camera, it still isn’t the resolution when the camera is set for still photography.
Today many crews use a 4K camera that is a usable high-resolution still image for print and the web. I want to be sure the image is sharp. Sometimes, the sharpness of a single frame isn’t that noticeable during the movement until you grab just one frame.
If you like the image in the video and it was shot on a 4K video, then the frame may work.
Know who is pitching to you
There is way too much emphasis on video. Those promoting it are selling themselves on this as a replacement to stills—BIG MISTAKE!!!
Those motion capture guys [new name for videographers] that are promoting this as a replacement are showing a lack of industry knowledge.
The News Media
The news media have gone through many changes due to digital and, most importantly, since 1995, the web.
 
For the first ten years, the issue that slowed the progress was the bandwidth. It took a while to get us from dialing up to the ability to stream HD video on the web.
Once the ability to deliver video became possible, many naïve PR folks started to think this was the new standard and that the still image was dead.
I recommend it before reading. Further, you go to these television websites where you expect the video to be king. Take a moment and do the following.
  1. When looking at the main page, notice how many images, in general, are used and how big the photos are as compared to the text.
  2. Pay special attention to the visual promotion of a video link.
  3. Click on a few of those links to the videos.
  4. How often did the still image you clicked on show up in the video?
  5. Do your survey of a few of the stories on the website.

Here are the links. I recommend that you take a few minutes to do your research and then come back and read the rest of this blog. [FYI, to avoid copyright infringement, I did not copy the screens and post them here]

Newspapers even realize after trying to lead with video for a while that the numbers don’t lie. People will click on the still image galleries more than they will watch a video.
A good article addressing the use of stills as engaging  Photos on Facebook generated 53% More Likes Than the Average Post.  
Notice that even when all these news articles talk about Photos and Video, they are using only stills or graphics for engaging you and not video Photos and videos drive the most engagement on social media.
My point is you have video production companies overselling and burning chunks of your budget on video when your media may need that but need still first. Video is in addition and not a replacement for stills.
So think about it this way. You have the opportunity to supply all that an editor needs to post to their website in the way they post their own stories. Sure, they may grab a frame from a video in a pinch, but this is the exception and not the rule for even TV.
PR needs to start supplying the package as the media shoots it. Way too many PR firms continue to operate the way they did in the 1970s. They continue to pitch, assuming new media outlets have the budget to come and cover their event. Instead, get them to like the story and let them go and cover it; that was the mentality back 30 years ago.
Today is 2014, when their slashing budgets. I worked at Georgia Tech, where we supplied the entire package. Text, Stills, and Video for packages are standard all over the media. On average, we were in the AJC every day of the year. 
Georgia Tech is still ranked one of the top schools, and it had a great deal to do with the PR office I worked in for more than ten years created. John Toon, director of communication for many years, was the master of getting stories placed. He knew not to pitch something just because a researcher or professor wanted it promoted. Instead, he vetted those requests and helped get the crop’s cream.
When John Toon’s material went to a news director’s desk, they opened it because he was known for giving them great content, and in a way, they could use it with minimal effort or budget.
Both—Not Either/Or
Please don’t hear me saying don’t use video and stills instead. I am saying you need stills and video. I think video production companies do a disservice when they tell you they can do it all, and they never have their material in significant magazines or news outlets regularly.

Many of these companies produce high-end videos used in meetings and events. Their work is superb. But it isn’t what the media creates and runs. 

Storytelling is about capturing moments

 
Nikon D2X, 24-70mm ƒ/2.8, ISO 800, ƒ/2.8, 1/40

Storytelling is about moments.

You may think that sitting around a room where people are just talking; things move at a much slower pace than, say, a baseball game.

You would be wrong. I think the action moves just as fast as in any sporting event.

Nikon D2X, 120-300mm ƒ/2.8, ISO 400, ƒ/8, 1/1500

Sports photographers are not pushing their shutter on the motor drive and then picking a significant moment in sports any more than they do with people sitting around in a room. The motor drive is to take the photos after the moment the photographer is capturing them. Concentrating on after is because you don’t know if the ball will pop out of the catcher’s mitt, and the player sliding home then is safe.

Nikon D2X, 70-200mm ƒ/2.8, ISO 400, ƒ/5, 1/160

The ever-so-slight head tilt or body posture can communicate so much. It doesn’t have to be a big gesture like one of the men with the hand gestures. It can be ever so subtle as the lady in the photo above.

Nikon D2Xs, 18-25mm ƒ/2.8, ISO 400, ƒ/6.3, 1/100

Can you see the moment?

One thing that can kill a great moment is not being able to see it.

Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.
Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.

As you can see in these two photos of the young girl, the off-camera flash adds life to the face giving more dynamic range and, therefore, more color and energy to the photo. However, capturing the moment is more than just squeezing the shutter at the right moment.

Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.
Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.

Can you see how much more “POP” this photo has with the off-camera flash?

Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.
Impact 360 Block party for Pine Mountain Apartments.

Photographers do all they can when they are telling a story. However, they must get the best light to help communicate the report on the subject and the best moment.

Kurtis Fitz-Ritson and John Wesolowski painted a fire hydrant as part of their community service in the IMPACT 360 program in Pine Mountain, GA, on November 28, 2007.

Sometimes I crawl on the ground to get into a position so you can see the subjects’ faces, and then since sometimes the best location for the issue has the sun right behind their heads, as in the photo of the guys painting the fire hydrant [fire plug for those out west] I again use an off-camera flash to fill the subjects faces with light, so they are not just silhouettes.

Other times I get as high as I can to look down on the subject to capture the expanse of surroundings and their faces.

IMPACT 360: Graduation

I rarely have people pose and hold it for me, as in this photo of the two ladies. There was just a moment, and I shot it. It worked well, and I liked the moment but had I said hold it just a second, OK now 1 …, 2 …, 3 … this would have killed the expressions. So even when people pose for you, if they hold their face, it isn’t as good as just before they hit their peak smile. I love to shoot just before they reach it.

This way, they are smiling and not just posing.

Visual Storytelling involves being prepared

Be Prepared: The Motto of the Boy Scouts of America 

“Be prepared for what?” you might ask. For everything is the response, scout leaders will tell those who ask.

Be prepared to live happily and without regret, knowing that you have done your best.

I started scouting and then joined the Civil Air Patrol. Civil Air Patrol has continued to save lives and alleviate human suffering through various emergency services and operational missions. Best known for its search-and-rescue efforts, CAP flies more than 85 percent of all federal inland search-and-rescue missions directed by the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center.

CAP spends a lot of time in training and education around aerospace. I remember going on camping adventures where we would practice search and rescue. We learned how to read maps and use our compasses to navigate rugged terrain.

I also went to the McGuire Air Force base in New Jersey summer camp. We learned to shoot M-16 rifles during that camp. We also took a ride in a C-141. Like all young boys, I wanted to go on a search and rescue mission and be in the woods with an M-16 rifle on maneuvers. I wanted adventure.

Most of us grew up learning a great deal of stuff that prepared us for where we are today. A good amount of what I learned in scouting and Civil Air Patrol are things I hope I never have to use, but I am thankful I now know what to do in an emergency.

Photographers need to be ready.

Like the scout we study, we know what to do in a given situation. But, I had to get to capture these wildlife photos.

Being ready today is often due because I wasn’t always in the past. For example, I now carry a tripod on every photo shoot. I may leave it in the car, but I can quickly get to it.

When I am shooting sports, I have long lenses and a monopod.

I also like to use the ThinkTank belt system that I customize with the gear I need for that event. I do not want to require a flash and not have it.

I even have KWP Knee Pads to help save my knees when shooting from the kneeling position.

Being Prepared can be Depressing.

By my senior year in high school, I finally dropped out of Civil Air Patrol. I was tired of doing practice runs for search and rescue and never getting actually to do a “real” search and rescue.

“Patience, young grasshopper,” Master Po often said to young Cain in the TV series Kung Fu.

Being a thrill seeker can get you into much trouble. A week ago, on my Google alert for my name “Stanley Leary,” an email alert came in for Sean “Stanley Leary,” who died from BASE jumping. Leary’s body, rigged up in his BASE jumping gear, was found 300 feet beneath a high ridge in the park’s West Temple area in Utah’s Zion National Park.

He was a thrill seeker.

I found, as a photojournalist, my heart pumping as I covered disasters. While, on one level, I was sad about the tragedy, I still enjoyed the rush of my blood pumping.

March Madness has some of the best moments in basketball history, and then it has had some moments where everyone wishes there was a mercy rule. Take the 1963 Mideast Regional, 1st Round: Loyola 111, Tennessee Tech 42 game. A 69-point difference in the score of the two teams.

I think there are no great photos when you Google those blowout games. They may even have a headshot of the MVP. The lack of great images is because the game wasn’t that interesting.

This year there have been many games coming down to the last few seconds where the winner won by just one basket. These games were great to watch and photograph.

I have covered many games where the two teams were playing flat. There was not much emotion or effort on the field for me to capture. When I edit, I try to find a photograph that tells the story, which is somewhat interesting for the viewer.

Blowout is a big contrast to those double overtime games I covered during March Madness, where I would have so many moments I had to narrow down my selection.

Being Professional Photographer in Flat Moments

It isn’t easy to photograph these moments where very little is going on. Lack of the obvious However, this is where the great photographers start to stand out truly. They look for exciting things that they now have time to look for as compared to those moments where so much excitement is happening you are just trying to capture what is happening.

The difference can be as simple as having a very introverted subject compared to an extrovert. , So yes, you can take great photos of each, and one is not superior to the other, but one may require you to work harder.

I have gone further downfield and used long lenses like a 600mm ƒ/4 lens to find a different angle.

I have gone to the corner of baseball fields to capture something different.

I shoot with a long lens from the other end of the basketball court to get something different.

I will use off-camera flash to help improve photos to give moments a little more oomph.

While I may not have as many ” keepers ” photographs from flat events, I will always have some that will work for my client. That is what they are paying me to do.

You cannot come back and say there was nothing to photograph. At my first newspaper job, the director of photography told me then to show me there was nothing to snap and don’t come back with anything.

At that newspaper, we sometimes went to places where no one was. So we would take a picture of the empty field and make it look good, showing we were there and nothing was going on.

I get depressed after some events because I don’t have much to show. I sit and think and wonder what I could have done better. I always think of something that I could have done a little better. If, in the end, you can say you know that you have done your best, then you can be comfortable with your work.