Photographer Don Rutledge spent weeks covering the daily lives of Alaskan Eskimos above the Arctic Circle. Here, a family waits for visitors to arrive at their home.

As a photographer, I’ve always believed in pushing the boundaries of creativity and honing our skills to capture compelling stories through our lenses. Today, I want to introduce you to an exciting exercise that will challenge your eye for composition and elevate your photographic artistry: the ƒ/16 Challenge.

Why ƒ/16?

When we shoot with a shallow depth of field, such as ƒ/2.8 or ƒ/1.8, it’s easier to create visually appealing images because the background blurs into a creamy bokeh, isolating the subject and minimizing distractions. While this technique can produce stunning portraits and close-ups, it doesn’t always push us to explore the full potential of our compositional skills.

Enter the ƒ/16 Challenge. By setting your aperture to ƒ/16, you’ll achieve a deep depth of field, meaning the foreground and background will be in sharp focus. This requires you to carefully consider every element in your frame and use your compositional prowess to guide the viewer’s eye through the image.

Composition Tools for the ƒ/16 Challenge

Here are some compositional tools to help you create compelling images with a deep depth of field:

1. Leading Lines
   • Use natural or manufactured lines to draw the viewer’s eye through the image. Roads, rivers, fences, and shadows can all serve as leading lines.
2. Rule of Thirds
   • Divide your frame into a 3×3 grid and position key elements along these lines or at their intersections. This creates a balanced and engaging composition.
3. Framing
   • Incorporate elements in your scene to frame your subject, such as natural frames like tree branches or architectural frames like doorways and windows.
4. Symmetry and Patterns
   • Look for symmetrical scenes or repetitive patterns that can create a sense of harmony and rhythm in your images.
5. Foreground Interest
   • Include interesting elements in the foreground to add depth and guide the viewer’s eye into the scene.
6. Depth and Layers
   • Arrange your composition with distinct foreground, middle ground, and background elements. This creates a sense of depth and dimensionality.
7. Contrast and Color
   • Use contrasting colors and tones to highlight your subject and create visual interest. Bold colors can make elements pop, while subtle contrasts can add nuance.
8. Negative Space
   • Embrace negative space to give your subject room to breathe and create a minimalist aesthetic.

Are You Up to the Challenge?

The ƒ/16 Challenge is not just about technical settings; it’s about training your eye to see the world differently. Here’s how to get started:

1. Set Your Aperture to ƒ/16
   • Switch to aperture priority mode (A or Av) or manual mode (M) and dial in ƒ/16.
2. Choose Your Scene
   • Find a scene with potential for depth and interesting elements from foreground to background.
3. Compose Your Shot
   • Use the composition tools listed above to create a balanced, dynamic image.
4. Shoot and Review
   • Take your shot, then review it on your camera’s screen. Adjust your composition if needed and shoot again.
5. Analyze and Improve
   • Review your images later on a larger screen. Analyze what worked and didn’t, and think about how to improve next time.

Embrace the Depth

Taking on the ƒ/16 Challenge will push you to be more mindful of every element within your frame. By mastering the art of composition with a deep depth of field, you’ll become a more versatile and thoughtful photographer, capable of crafting images that tell compelling stories regardless of your aperture setting.

So, are you up to the challenge? Grab your camera, set that aperture to ƒ/16, and let’s see the world through a new lens.

Happy shooting!

In photography, the allure of the latest camera gear is hard to resist. With each new release promising higher resolutions, faster autofocus, and better low-light performance, it’s easy to feel that upgrading is the only way to stay ahead. However, the truth is not everyone will benefit from upgrading their camera. Here’s why:

Higher ISO Isn’t Always Necessary

For many photographers, shooting at high ISO settings isn’t a daily requirement. Most digital cameras today perform exceptionally well at lower ISOs, providing crisp and clear images without needing the latest model. If your photography rarely involves dim lighting or fast-moving subjects, an upgrade might be more about wanting the latest gadget than needing it.

Tripod-Based Photography

If your work involves using a tripod and your subjects are stationary, such as in landscape, architecture, or product photography, the benefits of upgrading from a crop sensor to a full-frame camera might be minimal. When you’re shooting with controlled lighting and stable setups, the difference in sensor size becomes less critical. Your current gear can likely deliver the quality you need.

Studio Portraits

For portrait photographers who primarily work in a studio setting with controlled lighting and flashes, upgrading your camera might not significantly improve your work. Studio flashes offer ample light, allowing you to shoot at low ISO settings where most modern cameras excel. The resolution and dynamic range provided by even mid-range cameras are more than sufficient for stunning portraits.

Other Photography Genres That Thrive at Low ISO

1. Still Life Photography: Life involves careful composition and controlled lighting, like product photography. The need for high ISO is rare, making most modern cameras perfectly adequate.
2. Macro Photography: When shooting macro, you typically control the lighting and your subject’s movement. This allows you to use lower ISO settings and longer shutter speeds with a tripod, minimizing the need for the latest camera tech.
3. Food Photography: Often involves well-lit environments, whether natural or artificial. With controlled lighting setups, there’s no need for high ISO performance, and your current gear will likely do the job well.
4. Astrophotography: While it might seem counterintuitive, astrophotography relies more on long exposures and precise settings than high ISO performance. Using a stable tripod and techniques like stacking images can yield excellent results without needing the latest camera model.
5. Fine Art Photography: Often created in controlled settings, fine art photography can benefit more from the photographer’s vision and technique than the camera’s specifications. Low ISO and careful post-processing are key elements.

Conclusion

Upgrading your camera isn’t always the key to better photos. Assessing your specific needs and understanding the strengths of your current equipment can save you money and help you focus on improving your skills. For many genres of photography, mastering the basics and using the gear you already have will bring more significant improvements to your work than the latest camera upgrade.

Remember, the storyteller behind the camera, not the camera itself, makes a compelling image. Happy shooting!

When Upgrading Your Camera is Worth It

Consider upgrading your camera if you find yourself in any of these situations:

1. Low-Light Conditions: Frequently shooting in dim environments such as:
   • Event Photography
   • Wildlife photography at dawn or dusk
   • Indoor sports
   • Concert photography
2. High ISO Performance: Better sensor technology is needed to reduce noise and improve image quality in low-light settings.
3. High-Resolution Demands: Requiring extremely high resolution for:
   • Large prints
   • Detailed commercial projects
   • Fine art photography
4. Advanced Autofocus Systems: Benefiting from faster and more accurate autofocus for:
   • Action photography
   • Sports photography
   • Wildlife photography
5. Meeting Client Demands: When your current gear limits your ability to deliver the quality and detail your clients expect.

If any of these scenarios apply to you, investing in an upgrade can be a wise decision to enhance your creative potential and professional capabilities.

The speaker uses a Plate Spinning entertainer to address the issue with the audience of having so many stressors in one’s job.

The photography industry has undergone significant changes over the past few decades, with each wave bringing challenges and opportunities. Photographers have faced numerous disruptions from the transition of film to digital, the commoditization of stock photography, the rise of smartphones, the impact of the pandemic, and the advent of artificial intelligence. But does this mean the professional photographer is a fading presence in society? Absolutely not. Here’s’ how professional photographers can stay in business and thrive in this evolving landscape.

Major Shifts in the Photography Industry

Transition from Film to Digital The shift from film to digital revolutionized how photographers work. It democratized photography by lowering entry barriers allowing more people to take up photography as a hobby or profession. However, it also meant photographers had to adapt to new technologies and workflows.

Stock Photography Market Changes Platforms like Getty Images, influenced by the tech industry and individuals like Bill Gates, commoditized stock photography, driving prices down. This made it harder for photographers to earn a living solely through stock images, pushing many to diversify their services.

The Rise of Smartphones High-quality smartphone cameras put powerful photographic tools into the hands of the masses. This increased competition and reduced the perceived need for professional photographers for casual and even some commercial photography needs.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic halted many in-person events, significantly impacting photographers who relied on weddings, conferences, and other gatherings. Even as the world has started to recover, many businesses have cut back on hiring photographers due to budget constraints or shifting priorities.

The Advent of Artificial Intelligence AI can now generate images and enhance photos, presenting both a threat and a tool for photographers. AI-driven tools can assist in editing and managing images, but they also raise concerns about the authenticity and value of human-created photography.

Thriving in the Evolving Photography Industry

Despite these challenges, there are several strategies professional photographers can employ not just to survive but thrive:

Embrace Technology and Continuous Learning Stay updated with the latest camera technology, editing software, and AI tools. Use these advancements to enhance your work, streamline your workflow, and offer new services that add value for your clients.

Specialize and Differentiate: Find a niche where you can excel and stand out. Whether it’s commercial photography, portraiture, event photography, or a specific style, being known for something unique can set you apart from the competition.

Offer a Full-Service Experience Go beyond just taking photos. Provide end-to-end solutions, including pre-production planning, post-production editing, and even marketing services for your clients. Storytelling, which I excel at, is a powerful tool for connecting with clients and creating lasting value.

Build Strong Relationships Networking and maintaining solid client relationships can lead to repeat business and referrals. Personalized service and excellent customer experiences can make a big difference in client retention.

Leverage Social Media and Online Presence Use social media platforms to showcase your work, tell your story, and engage with a broader audience. A solid online presence can attract new clients and create additional revenue streams through print sales, workshops, and more.

Diversify Your Revenue Streams Explore different ways to monetize your skills. This can include teaching photography workshops, creating online courses, selling prints, or offering consulting services for businesses looking to improve their visual branding.

Focus on Authenticity and Quality In a world flooded with images, high-quality, authentic photography stands out. Focus on producing work that resonates emotionally and tells compelling stories. This can create a strong connection with your audience and clients, making your work more valuable.

Conclusion

While the landscape for professional photographers has undoubtedly changed, opportunities still abound for those willing to adapt and innovate. You can survive and thrive in today’s photography industry by embracing new technologies, honing in on your unique strengths, and continuously finding ways to add value to today’s clients. As a storyteller and brand builder, I’ve seen firsthand the power of authentic, compelling photography. It’s about keeping up with the times while staying true to the art of storytelling through imagery.

Here’s to thriving in the ever-changing world of photography!

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Feel free to connect with me, Stanley Leary, for personalized photography services and workshops that can help you elevate your visual storytelling and branding. Together, we can navigate this dynamic industry and create impactful stories that resonate.

[NIKON Z 6, 14.0 mm f/2.8, Mode = Manual, ISO 400, 1/500, ƒ/7.1, (35mm = 14)]

As a professional photographer and storyteller, I constantly push the boundaries of my gear to achieve the best possible results. The Nikon Z9, my camera of choice, has shattered many long-held beliefs about ISO settings and noise. The notion that you must always shoot at the lowest ISO for the best low-noise images is outdated. Here’s why embracing higher ISO settings can transform your photography, especially when combined with flash.

High ISO, Low Noise: A New Reality

With the Nikon Z9, I can comfortably shoot at ISO 5000 and even higher in certain situations, delivering images with acceptable noise levels. This is a game-changer. When viewed as the public typically sees them—on a phone screen filling the frame rather than zoomed in at 200%—the noise is barely noticeable, if at all. This capability allows for greater flexibility in various shooting conditions.

Flash Photography and ISO: A Perfect Pair

Combining the Z9 with flash photography, I often start my ISO around 400. Here’s why:

1. Efficient Flash Use: At ISO 400, my flashes don’t need to output as much light as they do at ISO 100. This results in faster recycle times and extends the battery life of battery-powered lights, reducing the worry of running out of power during a shoot.
2. Lighting Large Spaces: Sometimes, I need to light a large room and might only have my Godox V860IIN instead of the more powerful Flashpoint XPlor 600 HSS TTL. Increasing the ISO allows me to light a larger area effectively.
3. Battery Longevity: Higher ISO settings like ISO 400 with my Flashpoint XPlor 600 HSS TTL ensure longer battery life. This is particularly useful for extended shoots, such as real estate interiors, where I need consistent lighting throughout.

Practical Tips for Testing ISO and Flash

To see the benefits for yourself, try this simple exercise:

1. Set up a scene with your Nikon Z9 on a tripod to eliminate the camera shake.
2. Shoot the same scene at different ISOs, keeping the aperture constant, and observe at normal viewing distances when noise becomes noticeable.
3. Repeat the exercise using a flash. You’ll likely find you can push the ISO even higher without significant noise issues.

Dispelling Old Myths

Forget the advice from old photography books that insist on shooting at the lowest ISO. Those guidelines were relevant in the film days and early digital era. In 2024, with advanced cameras like the Nikon Z9, you can comfortably shoot at higher ISOs. I’ve found that noise only becomes a concern around ISO 6400, and even then, tools like DXO Pure Raw 4 can effectively reduce it.

High ISO in Action: Sports Photography

When shooting sports, I often use manual settings with a fast shutter speed (1/2000 or 1/4000) and a wide-open lens, relying on Auto ISO. This approach ensures I capture the action with minimal blur. If noise appears at high ISOs like 25600, noise reduction software cleans up the image.

Conclusion: Redefining ISO for Modern Photography

The Nikon Z9 empowers photographers to break free from the constraints of low ISO settings. By embracing higher ISOs, especially when paired with flash, you can achieve better lighting efficiency, extended battery life, and faster recycle times. Don’t let outdated advice hold you back—explore the possibilities of higher ISOs and discover a new realm of creative potential.

Happy shooting!

Stanley Leary Storyteller & Brand Builder

In today’s visually driven world, selecting the right photo can significantly affect how your audience engages with your content. Whether promoting a nonprofit cause or marketing a business, the right image can capture attention, evoke emotions, and tell a compelling story. Here’s a guide to help you pick the best photo to engage your audience effectively.

The Top Question to Ask

Does this photo tell a compelling story or evoke an emotional response?

This is the most crucial question you need to answer. A photo that tells a story or evokes an emotional response will naturally engage your audience more effectively. It’s the emotional connection that makes a photo memorable and impactful.

Additional Questions to Consider

1. Is the subject of the photo clear and well-composed?
   • Ensure the main subject is easily identifiable and the composition draws the viewer’s eye to the focal point. Clarity and focus are crucial to keeping the viewer’s attention.
2. Is the photo high-quality in terms of resolution, lighting, and clarity?
   • A technically sound photo with good lighting, sharp focus, and high resolution is essential for a professional look. High-quality images reflect well on your brand.
3. Does this photo align with our brand identity and message?
   • The image should be consistent with your brand’s tone, style, and values. It should reinforce what your brand stands for and the message you want to convey.
4. Is the photo relevant to the content it accompanies?
   • The image should enhance and complement the text or video paired with it, providing context and relevance. Irrelevant images can confuse the audience and dilute your message.
5. Does the photo stand out in a crowded feed?
   • Consider whether the image is visually striking enough to capture attention amidst other content. Unique and eye-catching photos are more likely to stop a user from scrolling past.
6. Is there a clear context or setting in the photo?
   • Photos with a recognizable context or setting can help tell a more detailed story and make the image more relatable. Context adds depth to your narrative.
7. Is the photo culturally sensitive and appropriate for our audience?
   • Ensure the image is respectful and appropriate for your target audience, considering cultural and social norms. Sensitivity to these factors can prevent misunderstandings and backlash.
8. Does the photo include a human element or emotional expression?
   • Images featuring people, especially with visible emotions, tend to connect better with viewers. The human element makes your content more relatable and engaging.
9. Is the photo unique and authentic?
   • Authentic and unique photos stand out more than generic or staged images, making them more engaging. Authenticity builds trust with your audience.
10. Does the photo inspire action or provoke thought?
    • An engaging photo should encourage the viewer to think, feel, or act in a specific way, supporting your call to action. The best photos motivate and inspire.
11. Is the photo versatile for different platforms and uses?
    • Consider if the image can be effectively used across various platforms (social media, website, print) and formats (thumbnail, banner, etc.). Versatility ensures you get the most out of each image.

Conclusion

Choosing the right photo involves more than just picking a pretty picture. It requires a strategic approach to ensure the image attracts attention, effectively conveys your message, and resonates with your audience. Remember, the top priority is to choose a photo that tells a compelling story or evokes an emotional response. By asking these additional questions, you can ensure that your visuals support your overall communication goals and maximize engagement.

Investing in high-quality visuals, especially those created by seasoned professionals, can significantly enhance your marketing efforts. Professionals bring technical proficiency and storytelling skills crucial for creating impactful images. This investment ensures that the money spent on videos and text content is supported by strong visuals, maximizing the overall impact of your campaigns.

For expert advice and services in creating powerful visual content, contact Stanley Leary, your trusted storyteller and brand builder.

Stay connected, and let’s create visuals that resonate and inspire action!

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Thank you for being part of our journey to making impactful visual storytelling a reality. Together, let’s create visuals that resonate and inspire action.

Best regards,

Stanley Leary

Since the onset of COVID-19, many of us have spent more time at home, discovering new hobbies and appreciating the nature surrounding us for me, this period of increased home time turned into a unique opportunity to connect with and document the lives of the red-shouldered hawks that nest in our backyard.

A New Beginning

It all started during the early days of the pandemic when I noticed a pair of red-shouldered hawks beginning their courtship in late January. With a newfound abundance of time, I embarked on a personal photo project, capturing their journey from mating to independence. Little did I know this project would become a profound and rewarding experience.

Heartbreak and Hope

Last year, the hawks’ nesting attempt ended, but the nest didn’t go well. All their eggs were lost, a reminder of the fragile balance of nature. I was determined to follow their story more closely this year, hoping for a different outcome. Equipped with my camera, I started documenting their progress, visiting the next day after day, eager to fill in the story’s gaps that I had missed the previous year.

The Stages of Growth

Mating (January – March)

In late winter, the hawks began their courtship. Their aerial displays and vocalizations signaled the beginning of a new cycle. This initial stage, filled with excitement and hope, was a perfect start to my photo series.

Nesting (February – April)

By February, the pair had chosen their nest site high in a sturdy tree. They diligently constructed their nest, a labor of love and precision. Capturing these moments highlighted their dedication and teamwork.

Egg Laying (March – April)

In early spring, the female laid her eggs. Over several days, 2-5 eggs appeared in the nest, each promising new life. I documented the serene beauty of the eggs nestled safely in their home.

Incubation (March-May)

Incubation required patience and vigilance. Both parents took turns warming the eggs, a task primarily shouldered by the female. I captured intimate moments of this nurturing phase.

Hatching (April – May)

Late April brought the long-awaited hatching of the chicks. They emerged, fragile and downy, eyes still closed to the world. Witnessing and photographing this tender stage was incredibly moving.

Brooding and Feeding (April – June)

The female brooded the chicks for the first few weeks while the male provided food. As the chicks grew, both parents hunted tirelessly to feed their hungry young. This period was a flurry of activity, a testament to the parents’ unwavering care.

Groparents’Development (May – June)

The chicks grew rapidly in May. Their eyes opened, and they began to develop juvenile feathers. I captured their clumsy movements and curious explorations, each day revealing new milestones.

Fledging (June – July)

By late June, the chicks were ready to leave the nest. Their tentative flapping and short flights were a thrilling sight. Photographing their fledging was both exhilarating and bittersweet.

Post-Fledging Dependency (July – September)

The young hawks stayed close even after leaving the nest, learning to hunt under their parents’ watchful eyes. I documented their growth into skilled flyers and hunters, and their confidence soared.

Independence (September – October)

Finally, by late summer, the young hawks became independent. They dispersed to find their territories, marking the end of this year’s chapter. Capturing the year’s journey to independence was a fitting conclusion to my project.

Reflections on a Personal Photo Project

Like any personal endeavor, this photo project required time, patience, and persistence. Returning to the nest day after day allowed me to document each stage thoroughly, creating a comprehensive visual story. This project has been a reminder of the value of long-term commitment to photography and the joy of witnessing nature’s cycles up close.

Conclusion

Through my camera lens, I have come to appreciate the resilience and beauty of red-shouldered hawks. Their journey from courtship to independence mirrors the dedication required in any creative project. I hope these images inspire you to start your photo project, find stories in your backyard, and embrace the process of documenting them over time.

Stay tuned for more updates and stories from Stanley Leary, Storyteller and Brand Builder. Until then, enjoy these glimpses into the lives of our backyard hawks.

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I hope this blog post inspires you to look closely at the nature around you and to consider starting your project. There’s a whole world of stories to be told outside your door.

As a photographer, I’ve continually upgraded my gear over the years, but there’s one area where I’ve been slower to make changes: lenses. Unlike camera bodies, manufacturers don’t update lenses as frequently. I bought a converter to use my existing lenses when transitioning from DSLR to mirrorless cameras. My philosophy has always been to avoid debt and only purchase equipment with cash.

Early in my career, I didn’t drive the best cars. Occasionally, I had to rely on credit cards for repairs, which taught me the importance of saving. You can’t always predict disasters, so I understand when borrowing is necessary.

When I started freelancing full-time, I invested in some Sigma lenses. They were affordable and performed well. Notable lenses included the 120-300mm ƒ/2.8 Sport and the 35mm ƒ/1.4 Art lens. When I switched to Nikon Mirrorless, other brands weren’t making lenses for the Z mount, so I began transitioning to Nikon S lenses.

Andy Dunaway, my Nikon representative, recommended the NIKKOR Z 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 VR S Z. I had already been impressed with the 14-30mm ƒ/4 and the 24-120mm ƒ/4 lenses. Their build quality and sharpness were remarkable.

In December 2022, I bought the NIKKOR Z 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 VR S Z and have never felt more confident in my gear for covering events. I kept my Sigma 120-300mm ƒ/2.8 Sport with the TC-1401 & TC-2001 converters for a while. The central combination with the 2X converter weighed around 8 lbs with the camera.

The NIKKOR Z 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 VR S Z weighs only 3.2 lbs and, even with a converter, is still half the weight of my Sigma setup. Recently, I added the Nikon Z Teleconverter TC-1.4x. Within minutes, I was outside photographing Red-Shouldered Hawk juveniles. I noticed a color difference and an improvement in image sharpness.

I chose the NIKKOR Z 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 VR S because a 70-200mm lens wasn’t long enough for many meetings I covered. The Sigma 120-300mm ƒ/2.8 required a monopod or tripod, and 300mm was short. The 400mm range was ideal for my style.

The 100-400mm lens is only 4.8 ounces heavier than the 70-200mm. I carry the 24-120mm on a Nikon Z9 and the 100-400mm on another Z9 using the HoldFast Gear MoneyMaker 2-Camera Harness. Adding the TC 1.4X converter gave me a 140-560mm lens at just 7.76 ounces more.

The Nikon Z Teleconverter TC-1.4x is highly praised for no image quality loss and only a 1-stop light difference. Combined with my Nikon Z9 and denoise software, I can shoot in most situations and produce usable images for clients.

So this past week, I sold my Sigma 120-300mm f/2.8 Sport lens and the 1.4X and 2X converters. Today, I knew I had upgraded and lightened my load after shooting with the Nikon Z Teleconverter TC-1.4x on the NIKKOR Z 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 VR S.

While Nikon’s technology is impressive, Andy Dunaway’s guidance helped me make the best lens choices for my work.

Malcolm Gladwell wrote about the “10,000-hour rule,” asserting that the key to achieving true expertise in any skill is simply practicing, albeit correctly, for at least 10,000 hours. David Epstein’s fascinating new book The Sports Gene argues that the ten-thousand-hour idea must be average.

Psychologist K. Anders Ericsson looked at students studying violin at the elite Music Academy of West Berlin. I was interested in the general finding: the best violinists, on average and over time, practiced much more than the good ones. In other words, within a group of talented people, what separated the best from the rest was how long and how intently they worked.

I can personally attest to the fact that I am still learning. I am working on a project to review a photographer’s raw photos from 2007 to 2024. There are easily 300,000 images that I am culling through and then picking the best ones to edit.

This process is very similar to when I played trumpet regularly. In college, I practiced many hours outside of East Carolina Jazz Band class and as part of the marching band.

I didn’t just practice the music I would be playing but also practice books.

The best thing that happened for me early in my professional career was working at the Hickory Daily Record. I was shooting every day and processing it over and over and over. Before that, working for the school paper in college, I would come even close to what one week was at the Hickory Daily Record in a month at best.

So here is my tip: Repetition, and lots of it, will improve your skills more than anything else.

So shoot all you can and practice, practice, practice.

[NIKON D100, 120-300mm ƒ/2.8, ISO 100, 1/160, ƒ/22]

As a professional photographer and storyteller, I often discuss the intricacies of photography with clients and enthusiasts. One key concept that significantly impacts composition is depth-of-field (DoF). Understanding how to manipulate DoF through your camera’s aperture can elevate your photos, whether isolating a subject or capturing a detailed scene. Let’s dive into how DoF influences composition and explore some practical applications across different genres of photography.

Shallow Depth-of-Field

A shallow DoF means that only a tiny portion of the image is in sharp focus while the rest is beautifully blurred. Achieving this effect involves using a wide aperture between f/1.4 and f/2.8. Here’s how a shallow DoF can enhance your compositions:

1. Subject Isolation:
   • Focus on the Subject: By blurring the background and foreground, you can isolate the subject, drawing the viewer’s eye directly to it. This technique is particularly effective in portrait photography, where you want to emphasize the person and minimize distractions.
   • Creating Mood: A shallow DoF can create a dreamy, intimate, or dramatic feel, enhancing the emotional impact of the image.
2. Bokeh:
   • Aesthetic Appeal: The out-of-focus areas can produce a pleasing blur, known as bokeh, adding an artistic element to your photo. The bokeh quality depends on the lens and the shape of the aperture blades.
3. Simplifying the Composition:
   • Minimalism: By reducing the elements in sharp focus, you can simplify the scene, making the composition cleaner and more impactful.

Deep Depth-of-Field

Conversely, a deep DoF means that a larger portion of the image, from foreground to background, is in sharp focus. This effect is achieved using a smaller aperture, such as f/8 to f/22. Here’s how a deep DoF can enhance your compositions:

1. Environmental Context:
   • Storytelling: When you want to tell a story by including the background and surroundings, a deep DoF ensures that all elements in the scene are in focus. This approach is common in landscape, architectural, and street photography.
   • Detail Capture: Capturing intricate details throughout the scene can add richness and context, enhancing the narrative.
2. Layering and Depth:
   • Complex Compositions: A deep DoF allows you to create complex compositions with multiple layers of interest, leading to more dynamic and engaging images as the viewer’s eye moves through the different elements.
   • Perspective: Emphasizing the depth and perspective of a scene can make the viewer feel more immersed in the image.

Practical Considerations

• Aperture and Light: A wider aperture allows more light into the camera, which is useful in low-light situations but can make achieving a deep DoF challenging without increasing ISO or using a slower shutter speed.
• Lens Choice: Wide-angle lenses naturally provide a deeper DoF, while telephoto lenses can more easily achieve a shallower DoF.
• Subject Distance: The closer you are to the subject, the shallower the DoF becomes. Conversely, increasing the distance between the camera and the subject deepens the DoF.

Creative Uses

• Portraits: Use shallow DoF to highlight the subject’s eyes and create a soft background.
• Landscapes: Use deep DoF to ensure the foreground and background are sharp, capturing the entire scene in detail.
• Macro Photography: Often uses extremely shallow DoF to focus on small subjects and create artistic effects.

Real-World Application: Architectural and Design Photography

Recently, I received an assignment from an architectural and design magazine. They were very specific about their requirements, emphasizing the need for deep depth-of-field in every photo. They instructed me to shoot at f/16 or f/22 to ensure all elements, from the intricate details of the architecture to the expansive backgrounds, were in sharp focus. This approach helps capture the full context and grandeur of architectural designs, allowing readers to appreciate the finer details and overall aesthetic of the spaces featured in the magazine.

Genre-Specific Preferences

It’s important to note that different genres of photography have distinct DoF preferences. For instance, a shallow DoF is often preferred in sports and portrait photography. In sports photography, a wide aperture can help isolate athletes from distracting backgrounds, highlighting their movements and expressions. In portrait photography, a shallow DoF creates a pleasing blur that draws attention to the subject’s face and eyes, creating an intimate and engaging image.

Understanding and manipulating depth-of-field allows you to control what parts of your image are in focus, guiding the viewer’s attention and enhancing the storytelling power of your photographs. Whether aiming for a sharp, detailed scene or a soft, focused subject with a dreamy background, mastering DoF is essential for effective composition.

By honing your skills in managing depth-of-field, you can adapt to various photography genres and meet specific client requirements while creating visually compelling and emotionally resonant images.

Flash used outside

Lately, I’ve had the pleasure of helping a few amateurs edit their photos. One is working on a delightful project: creating a coffee table yearbook of their family’s pictures through the years, with a new yearbook for each year. Another is finally processing a large backlog of digital images they’ve accumulated but haven’t had the time to edit.

Reflecting on my early days managing a one-hour photo lab, I’ve seen thousands of photos and have given countless tips. Here are some timeless tips that have proven helpful both then and now. There is no particular order, just a collection of advice to improve your photos:

1. Take Lots of Photos

When you want that one perfect shot of a subject, don’t be shy—take lots of photos. Shooting 3 to 10 images increases your chances of capturing:

• Better Expressions: People’s expressions can change in an instant. More shots mean more chances to capture the perfect smile or candid moment.
• Focus: Ensures that at least one shot will be perfectly focused.
• Camera Shake/Movement: Reduces the risk of all shots being blurred due to camera shake.

2. Use a Flash Outside

Using a flash outdoors can significantly enhance your photos by addressing the following:

• Racoon Eyes: Sunlight from above can cast unflattering shadows on faces, which a flash can help lighten.
• Backlit Photos: Adds necessary light to faces in backlit situations.
• Color Improvement: Outdoor environments can create unwanted color casts. A flash can help correct this.

3. Review Your Images on a Larger Screen ASAP

Reviewing your shots on a larger screen as soon as possible allows you to:

• Check Stability: Ensure you keep the camera steady to avoid blurry images.
• Focus Check: Confirm that your intended focus point is sharp.
• Color and Exposure: Verify that the colors and the exposure are correct.

4. Adjust Your Depth-of-Field

Changing your aperture to control depth-of-field can drastically improve your photos:

• Shallow Depth-of-Field: Blurs the background, making your subject stand out more.
• Larger Depth-of-Field: Keeps more of the scene in focus, providing context to your subject. This requires more skill in composition, so consider using these composition tools:
  • Rule-of-Thirds: Divide your frame into thirds, horizontally, and vertically, and place critical elements along these lines or their intersections.
  • Golden Ratio, Golden Spiral, Triangle: Use these mathematical compositions to create naturally pleasing images.
  • Aspect Ratio: Pay attention to the dimensions of your photo to enhance its aesthetic.
  • Diagonal, Leading Lines, S-Curves: These techniques guide the viewer’s eye through the photo.

By incorporating these tips, you’ll find that your photography skills will improve significantly. Whether creating a beautiful family yearbook or finally organizing your digital photo library, these techniques will help you capture and enhance those precious moments. Keep shooting, experimenting, and most importantly, have fun with your photography!

[NIKON Z 9, VR 120-300mm f/2.8G, Mode = Manual, ISO 5000, 1/4000, ƒ/11, (35mm = 600) with Alienbees B1600 strobes]

In wildlife photography, capturing the essence of nature’s wonders often presents unique challenges. The past few days have been a journey of experimentation and innovation as I sought to elevate my photography of the Red-Shouldered Hawks nesting in our backyard. In this blog post, I’m excited to share with you how I revamped my approach, incorporating studio strobes and high-speed sync technology to overcome obstacles and enhance the quality of my images.

The catalyst for this transformation was a persistent issue I encountered—shadows casting over a significant portion of the majestic hawks, diminishing the clarity and impact of my photographs. Determined to find a solution, I turned to my trusty studio strobes, specifically the Alienbees B1600 equipped with an 11-inch Long Throw Reflector, typically utilized for illuminating indoor basketball courts.

To synchronize the flash with my Nikon Z9 camera and shoot above the 1/250 sync speed, I employed PocketWizard TT5 transceivers paired with an AC3 controller to adjust the power settings and an AC9 adapter to combine with the PocketWizard TT5. A simple phone cord facilitated the connection to the back of the Alienbees B1600, seamlessly integrating the strobes into my setup.

With this new configuration, I unlocked the potential to shoot at high shutter speeds ranging from 1/1000 to an astonishing 1/8000, effectively balancing the strobe lighting with the ambient daylight. Gone were the intrusive shadows, replaced by crisp, well-lit images showcasing the Red-Shouldered Hawks’ beauty in all their glory.

Using strobes as a fill light outside can significantly improve the accuracy of color temperature in outdoor photography. By supplementing natural light with controlled artificial light, photographers can mitigate the inconsistencies often caused by changing weather conditions and varying times of day. Strobes emit a consistent color temperature, ensuring that the subject is evenly illuminated with precise hues, regardless of external factors. This enhances the image’s overall aesthetic and facilitates post-processing adjustments by providing a stable foundation of color temperature for a more seamless editing workflow.

In the spirit of transparency and progress, I’ll compare my previous photographs and those captured using the strobes. Through side-by-side visuals, you’ll witness the remarkable difference in clarity, detail, and overall image quality achieved through this innovative lighting technique.

However, the most gratifying aspect of this endeavor is the tangible improvement in the quality of my images. By embracing technology and pushing the boundaries of traditional wildlife photography, I’ve been able to elevate my craft and capture the essence of these magnificent birds with unprecedented clarity and depth.

So, without further ado, I invite you to join me on this journey of exploration and discovery. Let’s delve into wildlife photography, where innovation meets artistry, and every click of the shutter unveils a new dimension of beauty and wonder.

Fire Dancer, Aileen Kunewa. Photo by Dorie Griggs [NIKON Z 9, NIKKOR Z 24-120mm f/4 S, Mode = Aperture Priority, ISO 25600, 1/200, ƒ/4.5, (35mm = 24) Processed with PureRAW 4 & Lightroom Classic]

In the ever-evolving landscape of photography, one of the most fundamental aspects has been the sensitivity of film or, in today’s world, the ISO setting in digital cameras. Back in the days of film photography, adjusting ISO meant grappling with the tradeoff between sensitivity and grain. The higher the ISO, the more light-sensitive the film became, but at the cost of introducing noticeable grain into the image.

Fast forward to the digital era, and the concept of ISO underwent a significant transformation. Instead of grain, digital sensors introduced noise as the primary concern with higher ISO settings. However, even in the early days of digital photography, the correlation between ISO and noise wasn’t drastically different from the film days. It was a familiar tradeoff – increased sensitivity at the expense of introducing unwanted noise.

But then came the technological leap. As Moore’s Law applied its magic to camera sensors, the noise performance improved exponentially. Suddenly, higher ISO settings didn’t necessarily equate to unbearable noise levels. With each iteration of camera models, the threshold for acceptable noise is pushed higher and higher. ISO 10000 or even 12800 became feasible options without sacrificing image quality significantly.

The game-changer, however, was the advent of denoise software. Tools like Topaz Denoise, PureRAW, and Lightroom’s denoise capabilities revolutionized post-processing, almost rendering the concept of noise obsolete. What was once a dreaded side effect of high ISO settings became a minor inconvenience easily remedied with a few clicks.

So, what does ISO mean in today’s digital photography landscape? It’s a question that prompts contemplation. The traditional tradeoff between sensitivity and noise has been disrupted. The grain of film and the noise of digital sensors no longer hold the same weight they once did. Instead, adjusting ISO in digital photography is more akin to controlling volume. It’s about amplifying the signal without amplifying the noise.

Yet, amidst this technological marvel, a lingering question remains – what is the tradeoff of ISO today? The answer isn’t as straightforward as it once was. With noise reduction software capable of miraculous feats, the boundaries of acceptable ISO settings blur. Perhaps the tradeoff now lies in the nuances of dynamic range, color accuracy, or subtle details that emerge or diminish with varying ISO levels.

Ultimately, the evolution of ISO from the grainy days of film to the noise-controlled realm of digital photography signifies more than just technological progress. It’s a testament to the ever-changing nature of photography, where what was once a steadfast rule becomes a fluid concept open to interpretation and exploration. And perhaps therein lies the beauty – in the perpetual quest to redefine and refine our understanding of light, sensitivity, and the art of capturing moments frozen in time.