My shutter speed settings for shooting sports are 1/4000 versus for weddings, 1/125, or 1/250.

For sports, my release mode is 20 fps versus for weddings, single frame.

Both of those settings affect my ISO. I use auto ISO for weddings and sports but mainly change the shutter speed.

If auto ISO sensitivity control is enabled, ISO sensitivity will automatically be adjusted for optimal exposure at the selected shutter speed and aperture. In addition, you can choose an upper limit for auto ISO sensitivity control to prevent ISO sensitivity from being raised too high.

TIP

Use the Shooting Menu Bank to save the settings you use for sports in one of the four presets you can even rename. Here are my four banks:

1. Normal
2. Sports
3. Strobes
4. Fluorescent

[NIKON Z 9, VR 120-300mm f/2.8G + 2X Converter, Mode = Aperture Priority, ISO 18000, 1/2000, ƒ/5.6, (35mm = 600)]

My first football game with the Nikon Z9 was the Peach Bowl on December 30, 2021. Many changes have occurred since then regarding firmware updates and software updates with Adobe Lightroom and Camera Raw.

Just a few days ago, Nikon updated the firmware to Version 2.11. Lightroom is now version 11.5 with the camera Raw version 14.5.

We are getting a better dynamic range with less noise with Lightroom.

The firmware improved focusing and many other lists of improvements for the camera.

I can say that Nikon improved the camera’s performance since the game last December in Mercedes Benz Stadium.

I also noticed better handling of the files by Adobe Lightroom.

Here is an earlier post on my Z9 settings for sports.

Take a look at the results in the photos.

I was amazed at the slight noise in the photos. Some shots at ISO 5600 with the aperture of ƒ/2.8.

Some action shots are with an ISO 25600, as in this photo below.

The first skill one must master is the crafting of the narrative. We believe that the best students for the workshop are those with some experience as a writer or photographers.

Most of those taking the workshop want to learn to produce videos to tell stories. We teach how to do this alone. Most organizations can fund one person to go and tell a story, some can cover the costs for two people, and very few will be able to send a team. Those who learn to produce video stories without a team understand how all elements work together.

The one student who excelled beyond everyone else wasn’t a journalist but Jon Franz, a creative director. He was a master at creating storyboards, which is a huge help in planning your shot list. Jon was used to the director role but had never done the hands-on camera/audio/video editing himself. Instead, he had always directed others.

Jon says that the workshop was life-changing for his career. He discovered how to do more as just one person producing a story and understood how adding people was about upping the production value. He learned not just how to do it as a one-person band but also to be a better producer.

Those who didn’t have this background were learning how to craft a narrative to tell a compelling story.

While you do not have to have your storyline in this exact order to work, the essential elements need to be present.

Multimedia

The second skill needed to produce these packages is capturing the content using still images, audio, video, and the ability to edit this into a timeline.

We worked around the clock shooting and editing our projects. 

Which is more important?

So which is more important, the understanding of the storyline or multimedia? They are equally important. Both are needed to engage an audience.

Third major Element

The biggest mistake in communication forgets your audience is not there with you.

It would help not just think about the audience but start with them. Why should the audience even care about this story? What would be most interesting to them? After they hear the story, what actions should they be taking?

While I listed the audience last, it should be front and center. After all, there is a call to action for these stories on missions and nonprofits. The core message is that missionaries cannot do it alone and need the audience to give, go, and pray.

If you are interested in putting all these skills together, I can tell you that while all three are equally important, a learning curve and steps are necessary. The instructors serve as coaches to the storytellers. With their experience, they see things that only in time will you master.

I would highly recommend that you first learn a storyline and how to tell one. This skill is just you learning how to tell a bedtime story or a campfire story.

My recommendation for those wanting to be storytellers is to read The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers by Christopher Vogler. You can get this on Amazon. Here is that link

Christopher Vogler is a veteran story consultant for major Hollywood film companies and a respected teacher of filmmakers and writers around the globe.

After reading this book, then start practicing.

A simple thing to do is start practicing by telling bedtime stories. If making things up is difficult, tell the story of how you got your job. The key is that these stories are not timelines of events, but there is a crisis that forces you to seek help.

Here are some basic guidelines for interviewing a subject:

1. Prepare carefully, familiarizing yourself with as much background as possible.
2. Establish a relationship with the source conducive to obtaining information.
3. Ask questions relevant to the source that induce the authority to talk.
4. Listen and observe.

After you gain the skill of storytelling, then you are ready to capture their story using multimedia. Mastering the storyline and capturing it on camera is what Storytellers Abroad Workshop teaches.

Please get in touch with me if you are interested in a workshop. My contact information is below.

There are many options for backgrounds for a headshot. However, whether this is an executive, actor, or casual, all backgrounds must have one thing in common there aren’t any distractions behind your subject.

Brick backgrounds have become popular in the past few years and can work. However, since they are rarely solid, the pattern of the bricks is much more distracting than something like brush strokes or solid.

A counseling center’s colors for their logo were teal. So I went to the fabric store and found a velvet-like fabric in teal to use as the background.

Now, this is the same background in the two side-by-side photos. The difference in the look has more to do with how I lit the background. How much light do you put on the background compared to the subject and evenly lit or with spot?

This background is the same in these two headshots. One on the left, I only had the light on the subject. The background is white and lit by the spillover from the leading light. In the right photo, I put light on the background to be sure it was white.

I would say the least often chosen is black. If you prefer it, you must use a hair light to help create a separation between the subject and the background. The separation becomes a merge if the hair or clothing is black. On the other hand, black can look quite good, as seen here with the tuxedo and black background.

[NIKON Z 9, 14-24mm f/2.8G, Mode = Manual, ISO 400, 1/125, ƒ/8, (35mm = 16)]

While setting up for this photo, my photo assistant for the day asked me what is a good aperture to do group photos. The assistant had left another profession in the last couple of years and was still learning the ins and outs of photography.

Here is the light setup for most all my group photos.

Sometimes when doing a large group, I often have a few smaller groups to do, like in this large group. I kept the lights the same and just posed the people in the same space. We removed the risers.

There are a couple of things that affect depth of field. 

1. The ƒ-stop/aperture – As you already know, the lower the number, the less depth-of-field you have.  
2. Distance to the subject – The closer you get to a subject, the shallower the depth of field when the ƒ-stop stays the same. In macro photography, for example, when you get as close as a 1:1 ratio, you often have to be at a ƒ -stop at a minimum of ƒ /11 to appear in focus. When I do macro photography, the aperture is often at ƒ /45 and still seems like a shallow depth-of-field.  

Compare these traditional rows of people to shooting down on everyone looking below.

In the first photo, the person on the front row is a few feet from the person on the back row, so I must adjust the aperture to be sure all are in focus.

In the second photo, the distance of each person’s face to the camera is similar. Therefore, the aperture can be a shallower depth of field as compared to the first one.

When you set your aperture and focus, the depth of field in front and behind the subject is called the hyperfocal distance. The link above will let you put your camera, lens, aperture, and distance to your focus point to get the depth of field.

If you are focusing on the person closest to you, then you will always need a much higher aperture to get everyone in focus. The key is to focus about a 1/3 of the distance from the front of the group to the back. Look at the graphic from Broadway Camera above to show you how this works.

I focused a little on the group. See the photo below with the red box around the lady I was focusing on to get everyone in focus.

Now here is the focal point for the very top photo.

Study the graphic above from Broadway Camera. You will soon see how I use this technique to get the most depth of field with the lowest aperture.

Why not just shoot ƒ16 or ƒ/22?

If you use the smallest aperture on your lens for group photos, you will have everyone most likely in focus.

Every adjustment on the camera affects something in the final photo. Remember the Exposure Triangle to help you know why you don’t want to shoot at the smallest aperture, if possible.

There is one more adjustment to consider if you are using flash. The power of the flash will also impact exposure.

If you use ƒ/22 vs. ƒ/8, then you will need to adjust for one if not all of these:

• More flash power
• Higher ISO
• Slower Shutter Speed

The higher ISO will introduce noise without a flash, and a slower shutter speed will raise the possibility of blur due to camera movement or subject moving.

I have repeatedly found that ƒ/8 works most of the time. However, if you have a smaller group but more rows, I might change the aperture to ƒ/11.

Couple Tips

• Use Flash – You get rid of raccoon eyes due to shadows from lights overhead inside and the sun above outside.
• Start with 400 ISO inside – With today’s cameras, there is very little difference in photos shot at ISO 100 or 400 as in the past. However, just shooting at ISO 400 makes your flashes are now 2-stops brighter. In addition, 400 ISO helps you shoot at ƒ/8, and recycle time is often better.
• ƒ/8 – Start with this aperture. Increase if needed to high aperture.
• Test with Model – I usually have a photo assistant to stand in for test shots. If you don’t have an assistant, just ask someone from the group to help. Check for white balance, exposure, and most of all, set your focus point and have them stand close and the in the back to see if the depth of field is suitable for the photo.
• Use Computer for Viewing – When possible, put the test photos on a computer screen. It is much bigger than the screen on the camera, and you will see details that are hard to see on the back of a camera.

There are many types of headshots. You must factor in a few variables to decide what is best for you, your team, or your organization.

• Style – The look of the headshot. Lighting, background and expression/feel vary from each style.
• Time – How long did you spend creating your headshot
  • Hair/Makeup
  • How many outfits
  • Number of locations
  • Environmental location or Studio look
  • Number of photos/looks
• Price

Headshots for a person rather than an organization are more like Actor’s Headshots. Since this is the primary way you market yourself, Actor Style headshots will get the very best look for you. You spend more time doing hair and makeup. Often you will change your makeup and hair for more looks. Shooting in three or more outfits is normal.

Since these headshots can open or close doors for you, it is vital to spend the time and money to get the best. Therefore, you will spend at least a half day or full day getting a variety of headshots.

Many Actors will have a few headshots that they will submit depending on the role.

Types of Acting Headshots

Dramatic Headshots. These are the bread and butter of most actors. Typically theatrical headshots are very moody, with prevalent shadows and a more intense expression. Very popular for stage actors, this headshot style represents a lot of the lighting found in your typical theater production.

Comedic Headshots. Bring out all the personality for these headshots! These images are supposed to be full of life and a bit quirky. The lighting for this style doesn’t have a lot of intense shadows. For film and stage, the lighting of those productions is typically very bright because it makes you feel happier and warmer.

Commercial Headshots. Similar to comedic but with a bit more shadow work, these headshots have a little more variety. In addition, commercial headshots are more relaxed in personality – most casting directors want a simple, casual look (not even a gigantic smile).

Types of Corporate Headshots

LinkedIn / Standard Headshots. The most straightforward style of the headshots. These are what everyone thinks of when you hear “headshot.” The lighting is simple and typically soft, closely matching an actor’s commercial headshot. The personality for these is pretty typical, a friendly, natural smile.

Team Headshots. Effectively these are the same as the LinkedIn / Standard headshots but matched with your colleagues of the company where you’re employed. Many offices with smaller teams will have a webpage dedicated to identifying their staff and making it look professional; they’ll try to have everyone get the same headshot.

Presenter / Speaker Headshots. I call these portraits. These images are usually a little more personality-based and better suited to be a 1/2 body or even 3/4. The goal of these images is to be marketing material to show off your personality and expertise for a keynote or event. The lighting can also be more diverse, depending on the mood and message you want your viewers to interpret when seeing these images. Serious topic? Go dramatic. Want to be warm, inviting, and jovial? Go for something with less intense shadows and a giant smile.

[NIKON D4, 85.0 mm f/1.4, Mode = Aperture Priority, ISO 800, 1/160, ƒ/1.4, (35mm = 85) Constant lights with softboxes]

One of the most significant mistakes most public relations professionals make when it comes to photography is thinking that their smartphone camera is good enough.

The most significant downside of the smartphone camera is that you cannot use flash with it.

To get high-quality pictures, you need the proper lighting. You don’t just need sufficient lighting but the right light to help capture the narrative for your image; the temperature, the intensity, and whether soft or hard light plays a crucial role in your photography.

Just because the sun is out doesn’t mean you will have a compelling photo.

A photographer who knows how to use light with their camera can take something quite ordinary and improve it. The light they add to the photo is like the icing added to your cake.

You don’t need to take my word for why your smartphone images are not enough; look at the number of photos taken daily.

In 2022, 54,400 photos are taken every second, 196 million per hour, 4.7 billion per day, 32.9 billion per week, 143 billion per month, and 1.72 trillion per year.

The Public Relations Professional’s job is to generate positive publicity for their client and enhance their reputation. However, just having a photo isn’t good enough. It would help if you grabbed people’s attention.

The Poynter Institute reported:

1. We know that 90 percent of readers enter pages through large photos, artwork, or the display type (headlines, promos, etc.).

• We know that running a visual element with text makes it three times more likely that the audience will read at least some of the text.

• We know that headlines are more likely to be read when a photo is nearby.

• And we know that the bigger the picture, the more likely readers are to read the cutline – to be intrigued.

The word photography means writing with light. Once you understand light, you’ll know to create various creative images.

A camera in the right hand will yield far better results than anyone using it. Professional photographers know how to make the most of light. Sometimes they rise early to capture sunrises or stay late to get the sunset or moonrise.

People often manipulate light through reflectors and artificial light to direct the eyes of the audience.

If you know that photos work, try to create images that engage the audience.

Light used well in a photo is equivalent to a well-written story. Don’t use images that bring down your communication. Instead, use light to put the icing on your messaging in photos.

Today I decided to give another visit to the A2D, Analog to Digital, social group of photographers that meets every Friday at Einstein Bros. Bagels in Atlanta.

A2D is a very mixed group of photographers. Besides the mix of professionals and amateurs, what they like to photograph is diverse. Some were into art, some nature, and the list of topics they wanted to photograph was vast.

This group all made me think of my days playing in orchestras and bands. Each instrument was part of a sectional. I was always part of the trumpet section. We didn’t all play the same trumpet part. Some were playing 1st. Others played the orchestration’s 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th parts.

In an orchestra, the different sections were not even using the same type of music. For example, some instruments were reading treble clef, bass clef, alto clef, and tenor clef.

This morning, I was reminded of the diversity when a lady asked how much I would charge to do selective color editing of one of her landscape photos. I realized then that her request was like a violist asking me, the trumpet player, to play along with her music. It just wasn’t going to happen for me. I had never learned to read alto clef.

While I could most likely help the lady with her photograph, I would have had to work on her picture with little experience doing the selective color. It is just not my approach to photography.

The differences between people don’t have to lead to divisive.

If everyone in the group had to have everyone do the same style of photography, most of the group would no longer exist. We each have unique ways of seeing the world.

Learning to stay engaged with people who are so close to your passion will enlarge your worldview. They can stretch you and help you become a better version of yourself.

Since 2002, this eclectic group of photographers has socialized and enjoyed each other’s company.

Here are a couple of things that have helped them overcome some speed bumps with many social groups that fall apart

1. No politics
2. No dues
3. No leaders
4. No agenda

I did notice that someone would mention having a party or a zoom meeting to complement their social time on Fridays, but it was serendipitous in the approach.

Could you start a similar group in your community? For example, if you live in metro Atlanta, you can join this A2D group at Einstein Bros. Bagels on Fridays from 10:00 am to noon at 2870 N Druid Hills Rd, Atlanta.

It is much easier to walk away from a social group if you don’t think you fit in rather than trying to find common ground. The question that can motivate you to work at it more is whether you are looking for relationships or just someone who agrees with everything you believe.

The art of communication is so complex at times. But unfortunately, the complexity has more to do with the audience than the messenger.

It is rare when you are communicating with anyone that you don’t understand what you are saying to them.

However, it is more common that we have been on the receiving end of someone trying to tell us something that has us scratching our heads.

“Does that make sense?” is one of the phrases I say too often after saying something to a person. But unfortunately, what can still happen is they can say yes, but we are still not on the same page.

Importance of Formal Estimate

Over the years, I have needed to create a formal agreement for jobs with clients.

Here are topics covered in an estimate:

• Description of the job
  • Date and time of work
• Copyright & Usage
• Terms
  • Whom the agreement is with
  • Payment – when and how
  • Cancelations/Postponement
• Pricing
• Deliverables
  • What is delivered
  • When it is delivered

You can include more, but this is an excellent place to start.

I like to think of an estimate as a way to manage expectations. It also helps me WOW the client when I go beyond what I agreed to provide.

When you don’t talk about some of the items in that list is when you have problems.

A client can call and cancel at the last minute. You may have turned down many other jobs since you had reserved this time for their project.

I have communicated that if you cancel, you will pay me 50% of my creative fee and 100% of any expenses incurred. So, for example, you get stuck with airfare, rental cars, and other costs.

My contracts state that if within 48 hours, you pay 100%.

The Nuance!

I can quickly slap those fees on clients, but there is a good chance I may lose the client if I do charge it. So the key here is that you must take some time and think through and weigh the benefits and losses if you do go through and have them pay the cancelation price.

There is another nuance in bringing up topics that could help a client, but just bringing them up can create a problem.

A hot topic with almost every client is getting model releases. But unfortunately, they see it as a nuisance, not a reward.

I have found that helping them see how important it is to have releases to avoid legal problems and their ability to use the photos for more situations than the initial project make it well worth the effort.

Most of the clients embrace getting the model releases. So I hire an assistant to help me get those through the day.

Team Player

Another nuance is doing your best to say yes to almost any request from the client.

Now, if something is unethical or illegal, then say no.

If you have an estimate and at the last second, the client says to you, “While you are here, can you just take this photo as well?” With the contract, you can oblige them, or if they are overreaching in your opinion, you can say one of two things: 1) to get that for you, there isn’t enough time; what of the remaining lists in the contract do you want to give up? Or 2) Love to help, but since this is beyond the project’s scope, I need to charge more for your request.

Summary

You and the client need to be on the same page during communications. You must state what they are requesting [formal estimate], and if they think something is wrong or missing will let you know.

Try your best to have the time to think through and even phone a colleague before responding. Create a dialogue rather than statements. Always ask them for their response and let them know you are interested in their thoughts.

As long as you work with a client who believes in a Win/Win negotiation, you probably will find common ground. However, you will likely have to walk away when dealing with a Win/Lose negotiator.

Photo by Dennis Fahringer

After being in the industry for forty years, I am often asked for business advice from newbies and other pros.

By the way, most pros still phone a friend for their advice every once in a while. We ask for advice because you never learn it all and are always looking for a better way to handle business situations in the future.

Research shows that those whose advice you don’t take may have a worse view of you afterward. Those you ask for help may even see you as less competent or avoid you. So you don’t ask too many people for their advice; you cannot follow everyone’s recommendation.

Develop those relationships so you can return to them in the future.

Nearly all those coming to me for advice are interested in working with photography or video. I get more questions about gear than business, but those who ask the business questions will be asking me more questions in the future because they will still be in business.

The American Society of Media Photographers, ASMP, is what I joined way back in 1987. Back then, the name was the American Society of Magazine Photographers.

I learned more about how to be business successfully than any other organization I have been a part of through the years. As a result, ASMP members wanted to help each other with business questions.

ASMP members know it takes about three years to determine if your business practices will let you survive. Therefore, it was in the member’s best interest for you to understand how to price your work based on what it costs to run your business.

The most significant problem with newbies is that most start by trying to get work by undercutting everyone in their market with lower prices. The problem for the newbie is that those prices are not sustainable to stay in business. Over time they soon learn they are losing money and not making a living.

The undercutting also hurts the market. It is hard for those charging prices that produce a livable wage when customers can hire the newbie for less. When newbies have to find another way to pay their bills, they put other pros out of business.

It was a problem when Walmart started putting its stores in small communities. First, the downtown shops in many of those towns all disappeared. Then, years later, when Walmart pulled out, the city was decimated.

Are You Interested In A Photo/Video Business Workshop?

I realized the market lacks workshops and seminars to learn the business side of photography. So I have been teaching this for the past 16 years in Kona, Hawaii, and helping One-on-One with people.

If you are interested in a one-day business practice workshop, please email me at [email protected].

Lifestyle Photography

Lifestyle photography has an almost photojournalistic reputation. Lifestyle photography is where interactions are candid and without any direction from the photographer.

So, what is lifestyle photography nowadays? It’s somewhere between actual documentary photography and classic portraiture.

Lifestyle photography captures portraits and real-life events. Day-to-day interactions are the best way to tell the story of the moment.

Don’t over-plan client interactions during lifestyle photo shoots.

Corporate Stock Photography

While any business can buy stock photos, there is a significant risk that your competition is using the same images.

Having your people in photos helps your company build transparency with your employees and customers. In addition, the images you use will reflect what you do rather than what any company would do if you use stock photos you buy from an agency.

Many clients understand the value of photographing their people and getting them to sign model releases.

Innovative companies have online photo galleries that are searchable. This way, their people can find images to use for PowerPoint presentations, websites, banners, and other uses.

Shopping around for a photographer with a style you like is just part of what will build your brand the best.

Companies that build a relationship with the photographer over time get the advantage of the photographer understanding them better. Your best brand builders are those who know you the best and use their skills to engage an audience.

Finding your social group is so vital to your health and well-being.

You may belong to many different groups: a religious group, an ethnic group, your workplace colleague group, your college class, a sports team, etc.

A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact and share a sense of unity and common identity. In other words, it’s a group of people who see each other frequently and consider themselves a part of the group.

Today I met with a small group of photographers who have been getting together every Friday for more than twenty years. There is no leader, no plan, and no dues. They appear every Friday at Einsteins Bros. Bagels, located at 2870 N Druid Hills Rd, Atlanta, GA, from 10:00 am to noon.

My first time today was joining the group and seeing what they were doing. A good many of them were early, and some stayed late.

This past Sunday, I saw Ron Sherman share his lifetime of work in a talk and show at Roswell Cultural Arts Center. It was there that I ran into Chuck Rogers, Eric Burkhard, Jay Kaufman, John Hyjek, Kevin Ames, and many others. A few of them invited me to join the group on Friday.

Chuck Rogers, one of the group’s founders, introduced me to everyone and was the consummate hostess.

Many people brought something they had been working on and passed it around. Most everyone was there to connect.

A few of them were more than ninety years old. I might have been one of the youngest in the crowd. Most are retired and can get together on a Friday.

Everyone loved photography, and either was a professional photographer or hobbyist.

I noticed that everyone appreciates acceptance into a group of photographers. A couple of the hobbyists talked about how much they enjoyed the group. They knew their work wasn’t on par with everyone, which is why they loved the group. They had room to grow.

I have been around a few groups of photographers. In many of those groups, photographers walk around as if they are God’s gift to the industry. But, unfortunately, those people make others not look for a long-term relationship with those groups. I would say this is why some professional organizations struggle.

Takeaway Tips

If you want a group of photographers to join and make it a regular thing, you must learn to accept others in the group as equals. Acceptance does not mean everyone’s skill level is the same but treating everyone with honor, dignity, and respect.

Be giving your time and attention to others.

Be willing to help another person get better. But don’t feel threatened by them.

I recommend finding a group to be a part of for your health and well-being.